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  "paper_id": "multilevel-label-placement-execution-trace-events",
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  "title": "Multilevel Label Placement for Execution Trace Events",
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  "authors": [
    "Naser Ezzati-Jivan",
    "Alireza Shameli-Sendi",
    "Michel R. Dagenais"
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  "publication": {
    "year": 2013,
    "venue": "2013 IEEE 26th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)",
    "type": "conference paper",
    "publication_date": "2013-05",
    "online_date": null,
    "print_date": "2013-05",
    "volume": null,
    "issue": null,
    "pages": "1-6",
    "article_number": null,
    "publisher": "IEEE",
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    "crossref_type": "proceedings-article"
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    "doi": "10.1109/CCECE.2013.6567826"
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  "abstract": "The accessible abstract describes automatic label placement for points and lines representing execution-trace events.",
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  "description": "The accessible abstract describes automatic label placement for points and lines representing execution-trace events.",
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  "summary": {
    "core_contribution": "The paper develops a multilevel trace-label placement algorithm that preserves readable, semantically meaningful labels while users zoom and pan across dense execution-trace views.",
    "problem": "Large trace displays contain overlapping event labels, limited lane width, and multiple abstraction levels. Labels must be placed consistently for individual, synthetic, and communication events without making the visualization unreadable or recomputing an expensive all-pairs conflict graph.",
    "method": "The approach models four candidate positions around a point event; synthetic events use midpoint placement and communication labels use side-aware placement. Candidate conflicts form a graph, priorities are updated dynamically, and a greedy maximal-independent-set heuristic selects non-conflicting labels. Instead of materializing all O(n²) conflicts, one-dimensional neighbor search with sorting and binary search yields the stated O(n log n) behavior. The layout is combined with generalization, static aggregation such as DNS events, and dynamic pattern-library aggregation across LTTng-derived process lanes.",
    "findings": "In synthetic file/network syscall sequences, 100-run averages include an example with 200 items and 88.5% conflict-free labels. Generalization and aggregation improve label success, whereas tight lanes and smaller fonts reduce it. The algorithmic contribution is the reduction from all-pairs conflict checks to a sorted-neighbor strategy; the placement remains a heuristic and is not guaranteed to maximize a global readability objective.",
    "limitations": "The evaluation is synthetic and visualization-oriented, with limited human readability validation. Direct line/area items and simultaneous multi-label efficiency are not fully supported, and greedy local decisions can miss a globally better layout.",
    "future_work": "Add perceptual/user studies, support line and area geometries, optimize repeated multi-label placement, incorporate viewport-aware priorities, and evaluate interactive latency on traces with millions of events and multiple abstraction levels."
  },
  "tags": [
    "trace-visualization",
    "trace-analysis",
    "performance-analysis"
  ],
  "keywords": [
    "execution trace events",
    "label placement",
    "trace visualization",
    "overlap avoidance",
    "event labels",
    "CCECE 2013"
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  "citation_guidance": {
    "when_to_cite": "Cite this paper when placing labels in dense, zoomable multilevel execution-trace visualizations.",
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